Driver Overview
This section shows a country’s rank, ranking change and score for each of the eight drivers. It also categorises each country’s driver performance on a scale from “Emerging” (score from 0-20) to “Global Leader” (score from 80-100).
Rank
Score /100
Best practice
Metric Overview
Strengths
Cost to start a business
The cost of starting a business in Romania is 0.3% of income per capita, far below the Upper Middle Income Countries’ average of 11%, easing the entry of new firms..
Registering property
In Romania it takes 14.5 days to register a property, well below the 22 day Upper Middle Income Countries’ average. As infrastructure projects often involve some transfer of property rights, an efficient registration process reduces project cost and risk.
Financial stability
According to the World Economic Forum, Romania has high financial stability, although the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic remain unknown. A stable financial system facilitates the smooth flow of funds between infrastructure and investors, improving capital supply for projects.
Top Performing Metrics
Top Performing Metrics
This is defined by the metrics with the highest unweighted score out of 100.
Permits:
Cost to start a business
Permits:
Registering property
Financial markets:
Financial stability
Opportunities to Grow
Published infrastructure plan
Romania does not have a national or sub-national infrastructure plan. The addition of an infrastructure plan could highlight infrastructure challenges and opportunities for investment, as well as detail the government's planned responses.
Market sounding and/or assessment
According to the World Bank, there is no formal requirement for a market sounding process in Romania. Adding one could allow the government to determine if there is an interest from investors and lenders to provide commercial financing for projects.
Post-completion reviews
Romania does not undertake post-completion reviews for infrastructure projects. The implementation of post-completion reviews could help determine whether projects have achieved their objectives efficiently, and identify areas for improvement.
Metrics to Improve
Metrics to Improve
This is defined by the metrics with the lowest weighted score out of 100, such that these metrics would have the greatest impact on the overall score.
For metrics that have binary outcomes (yes=100/no=0), no comparative income group average is reported.
Planning:
Published infrastructure plan
Planning:
Market sounding and/or assessment
Governance:
Post-completion reviews
Detailed Data
This section shows country data for each of the 41 metrics. The figures in brackets denote the change in score since InfraCompass 2017.
Note that all data has been normalised on a scale of 1-100. For raw metric data, please download the complete InfraCompass 2020 dataset.
Where relevant, some metric scores have been inverted, such that all metrics have positive relationships with good infrastructure outcomes. For example, since lower compliance costs make it easier to invest in infrastructure, the normalised value of ‘number of procedures to start a business’ has been reversed such that lower number of procedures are scored closer to 100, and higher numbers closer to 0. In other words, a score of 0 indicates a poor performance, rather than 0 number of procedures.
28.2%
The recovery rate is recorded as cents on the dollar recovered by secured creditors through reorganisation, liquidation or debt enforcement (foreclosure or receivership) proceedings.
20.7%
World Governance Composite Indicator reflecting perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. The rule of law reflects whether the law imposes limits of power on the state, private sector and individuals.
18.1%
Whether the country conducts post-completion reviews on infrastructure projects to ensure the forecast outcomes are being achieved.
15.1%
Measures the governance practices that protect shareholders through three dimensions: the extent of shareholder rights index (shareholders’ rights and role in major corporate decisions), the extent of ownership and control index (governance safeguards protecting shareholders from undue board control and entrenchment), and the extent of corporate transparency index (corporate transparency on ownership stakes).
12.8%
Political stability and absence of violence score
Measures perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism. Estimate gives the country's score on the aggregate indicator, in units of a standard normal distribution i.e. ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5.
5%
Whether an infrastructure agency exists to coordinate an integrated approach to infrastructure delivery and policy.
Romania
Upper-middle Income Countries Average
Description
The recovery rate is recorded as cents on the dollar recovered by secured creditors through reorganisation, liquidation or debt enforcement (foreclosure or receivership) proceedings.
Weighting (% of Driver)
28.2%
Source Link
Description
World Governance Composite Indicator reflecting perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. The rule of law reflects whether the law imposes limits of power on the state, private sector and individuals.
Weighting (% of Driver)
20.7%
Description
Whether the country conducts post-completion reviews on infrastructure projects to ensure the forecast outcomes are being achieved.
Weighting (% of Driver)
18.1%
Source Link
Description
Measures the governance practices that protect shareholders through three dimensions: the extent of shareholder rights index (shareholders’ rights and role in major corporate decisions), the extent of ownership and control index (governance safeguards protecting shareholders from undue board control and entrenchment), and the extent of corporate transparency index (corporate transparency on ownership stakes).
Weighting (% of Driver)
15.1%
Source Link
Description
Measures perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism. Estimate gives the country's score on the aggregate indicator, in units of a standard normal distribution i.e. ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5.
Weighting (% of Driver)
12.8%
Description
Whether an infrastructure agency exists to coordinate an integrated approach to infrastructure delivery and policy.
Weighting (% of Driver)
5%
Source Link
Country Overview Data
14,795 USD
Population19.2 million persons
71.7 (0-100 best)
Infrastructure investment4.0% of GDP
Infrastructure gap0.2% of GDP
243.7 USD billion
GDP growth rate4.0%
GDP per capita growth rate1.7%
Gini coefficient35.9 (0-100 worst)
Gross Government Debt37.0% of GDP
Inflation rate4.2%
Summary credit rating55.0 (0-100 best)
Unemployment rate4.2%
Urbanisation ratio54.0% of total population
Road connectivity79.3 (0-100 best)
3.0 (1-7 best)
Efficiency of train services2.8 (1-7 best)
Efficiency of air transport services4.6 (1-7 best)
Efficiency of seaport services3.9 (1-7 best)
Electricity access100.0% of population
Electricity supply quality11.9% of output lost
Exposure to unsafe drinking water8.5% of population
Reliability of water supply5.2 (1-7 best)
Digital Adoption Index0.6 (0-1 best)
Mobile-broadband subscriptions88.0 per 100 population
Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions26.1 per 100 population