Driver Overview
This section shows a country’s rank, ranking change and score for each of the eight drivers. It also categorises each country’s driver performance on a scale from “Emerging” (score from 0-20) to “Global Leader” (score from 80-100).
Rank
Score /100
Best practice
Metric Overview
Strengths
Cost to start a business
According to the World Bank, the cost to start a business in Greece is 1.5% of income per capita, well below the average of 4.7% for High Income Countries, easing the entry of new firms.
Time required to start a business
Due to a new streamlined registration process, the time required to start a business in Greece has decreased significantly since 2016, from 13 days to just 4. A more efficient set up process eases the entry of new businesses, which has the potential to increase competition and investment.
Procurement of PPPs
Greece's legal and regulatory frameworks which govern how private partners are selected for PPPs encourage fairness and transparency. Fair and transparent processes encourage more participation and competition, which drive value for money and better quality outcomes.
Top Performing Metrics
Top Performing Metrics
This is defined by the metrics with the highest unweighted score out of 100.
Permits:
Cost to start a business
Permits:
Time required to start a business
Procurement:
Procurement of PPPs
Opportunities to Grow
Published infrastructure plan
Greece does not have a national or sub-national infrastructure plan. The addition of an infrastructure plan could highlight infrastructure challenges and opportunities for investment, as well as detail the government's planned responses.
Market sounding and/or assessment
According to the World Bank, there is no formal requirement for a market sounding process in Greece. Adding one could allow the government to determine if there is an interest from investors and lenders to provide commercial financing for projects
Gross government debt
At 176.6% of GDP, Greece's gross government debt is more than double the High Income Countries’ average of 74%. With the COVID-19 pandemic likely to result in further borrowing, servicing this significant debt may hinder Greece’s ability to fund infrastructure.
Metrics to Improve
Metrics to Improve
This is defined by the metrics with the lowest weighted score out of 100, such that these metrics would have the greatest impact on the overall score.
For metrics that have binary outcomes (yes=100/no=0), no comparative income group average is reported.
Planning:
Published infrastructure plan
Planning:
Market sounding and/or assessment
Funding capacity:
Gross government debt
Detailed Data
This section shows country data for each of the 41 metrics. The figures in brackets denote the change in score since InfraCompass 2017.
Note that all data has been normalised on a scale of 1-100. For raw metric data, please download the complete InfraCompass 2020 dataset.
Where relevant, some metric scores have been inverted, such that all metrics have positive relationships with good infrastructure outcomes. For example, since lower compliance costs make it easier to invest in infrastructure, the normalised value of ‘number of procedures to start a business’ has been reversed such that lower number of procedures are scored closer to 100, and higher numbers closer to 0. In other words, a score of 0 indicates a poor performance, rather than 0 number of procedures.
28.2%
The recovery rate is recorded as cents on the dollar recovered by secured creditors through reorganisation, liquidation or debt enforcement (foreclosure or receivership) proceedings.
20.7%
World Governance Composite Indicator reflecting perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. The rule of law reflects whether the law imposes limits of power on the state, private sector and individuals.
18.1%
Whether the country conducts post-completion reviews on infrastructure projects to ensure the forecast outcomes are being achieved.
15.1%
Measures the governance practices that protect shareholders through three dimensions: the extent of shareholder rights index (shareholders’ rights and role in major corporate decisions), the extent of ownership and control index (governance safeguards protecting shareholders from undue board control and entrenchment), and the extent of corporate transparency index (corporate transparency on ownership stakes).
12.8%
Political stability and absence of violence score
Measures perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism. Estimate gives the country's score on the aggregate indicator, in units of a standard normal distribution i.e. ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5.
5%
Whether an infrastructure agency exists to coordinate an integrated approach to infrastructure delivery and policy.
Greece
High Income Countries Average
Description
The recovery rate is recorded as cents on the dollar recovered by secured creditors through reorganisation, liquidation or debt enforcement (foreclosure or receivership) proceedings.
Weighting (% of Driver)
28.2%
Source Link
Description
World Governance Composite Indicator reflecting perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. The rule of law reflects whether the law imposes limits of power on the state, private sector and individuals.
Weighting (% of Driver)
20.7%
Description
Whether the country conducts post-completion reviews on infrastructure projects to ensure the forecast outcomes are being achieved.
Weighting (% of Driver)
18.1%
Source Link
Description
Measures the governance practices that protect shareholders through three dimensions: the extent of shareholder rights index (shareholders’ rights and role in major corporate decisions), the extent of ownership and control index (governance safeguards protecting shareholders from undue board control and entrenchment), and the extent of corporate transparency index (corporate transparency on ownership stakes).
Weighting (% of Driver)
15.1%
Source Link
Description
Measures perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism. Estimate gives the country's score on the aggregate indicator, in units of a standard normal distribution i.e. ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5.
Weighting (% of Driver)
12.8%
Description
Whether an infrastructure agency exists to coordinate an integrated approach to infrastructure delivery and policy.
Weighting (% of Driver)
5%
Source Link
Country Overview Data
20,263 USD
10.7 million persons
Infrastructure quality77.7 (0-100 best)
214.0 USD billion
GDP growth rate2.0%
GDP per capita growth rate-1.7%
Gini coefficient36.0 (0-100 worst)
Gross Government Debt177.0% of GDP
Inflation rate0.6%
Summary credit rating36.0 (0-100 best)
Unemployment rate18.1%
Urbanisation ratio79.0% of total population
Road connectivity75.8 (0-100 best)
4.6 (1-7 best)
Efficiency of train services3.0 (1-7 best)
Efficiency of air transport services5.4 (1-7 best)
Efficiency of seaport services4.8 (1-7 best)
Electricity access100.0% of population
Electricity supply quality6.3% of output lost
Exposure to unsafe drinking water0.2% of population
Reliability of water supply5.9 (1-7 best)
Digital Adoption Index0.6 (0-1 best)
Mobile-broadband subscriptions82.0 per 100 population
Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions37.7 per 100 population