Driver Overview
This section shows a country’s rank, ranking change and score for each of the eight drivers. It also categorises each country’s driver performance on a scale from “Emerging” (score from 0-20) to “Global Leader” (score from 80-100).
Rank
Score /100
Best practice
Metric Overview
Strengths
Private infrastructure investment
Private infrastructure investment continues to increase in Ghana largely due to its energy sector. There was a USD 550 million Armandi Energy Power Plan investment in 2016, USD 953 million Bridge Power natural gas plan and a USD 580 million concession for its electricity distribution business in 2019.
Financial stability
The passing of the Fiscal Responsibility Act and establishment of a Fiscal Council and a Financial Stability Council in Ghana has helped to restore stability and confidence, following a major banking crisis in 2019. The full long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are yet to be determined.
Cost to start a business
The cost to start a business in Ghana is 12% of income per capita, lower than the African regional average of 20%, easing the entry of new firms.
Top Performing Metrics
Top Performing Metrics
This is defined by the metrics with the highest unweighted score out of 100.
Activity:
Private infrastructure investment
Financial markets:
Financial stability
Permits:
Cost to start a business
Opportunities to Grow
Environmental impact analysis
According to the World Bank, only certain projects may require an environmental impact analysis and it is based on how complex the project is. Undertaking environmental feasibility studies can help countries understand and balance environmental and infrastructure outcomes.
Stocks traded
Ghana’s value of stocks traded is 9%, lower than the Lower Middle Income Countries’ average of 26%. As this indicator measures the liquidity of equities, it is important to infrastructure investors to know they can exit investments at appropriate points.
GDP per capita
Ghana has a low GDP per capita of USD 2,223 but is growing at a long-term rate of 7% per annum due to its oil and gas sector. High growth, should it not be overly impacted by COVID-19, can be expected to correlate with greater infrastructure spending
Metrics to Improve
Metrics to Improve
This is defined by the metrics with the lowest weighted score out of 100, such that these metrics would have the greatest impact on the overall score.
For metrics that have binary outcomes (yes=100/no=0), no comparative income group average is reported.
Planning:
Environmental impact analysis
Financial markets:
Stocks traded
Funding capacity:
GDP per capita
Detailed Data
This section shows country data for each of the 41 metrics. The figures in brackets denote the change in score since InfraCompass 2017.
Note that all data has been normalised on a scale of 1-100. For raw metric data, please download the complete InfraCompass 2020 dataset.
Where relevant, some metric scores have been inverted, such that all metrics have positive relationships with good infrastructure outcomes. For example, since lower compliance costs make it easier to invest in infrastructure, the normalised value of ‘number of procedures to start a business’ has been reversed such that lower number of procedures are scored closer to 100, and higher numbers closer to 0. In other words, a score of 0 indicates a poor performance, rather than 0 number of procedures.
28.2%
The recovery rate is recorded as cents on the dollar recovered by secured creditors through reorganisation, liquidation or debt enforcement (foreclosure or receivership) proceedings.
20.7%
World Governance Composite Indicator reflecting perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. The rule of law reflects whether the law imposes limits of power on the state, private sector and individuals.
18.1%
Whether the country conducts post-completion reviews on infrastructure projects to ensure the forecast outcomes are being achieved.
15.1%
Measures the governance practices that protect shareholders through three dimensions: the extent of shareholder rights index (shareholders’ rights and role in major corporate decisions), the extent of ownership and control index (governance safeguards protecting shareholders from undue board control and entrenchment), and the extent of corporate transparency index (corporate transparency on ownership stakes).
12.8%
Political stability and absence of violence score
Measures perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism. Estimate gives the country's score on the aggregate indicator, in units of a standard normal distribution i.e. ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5.
5%
Whether an infrastructure agency exists to coordinate an integrated approach to infrastructure delivery and policy.
Ghana
Lower-middle Income Countries Average
Description
The recovery rate is recorded as cents on the dollar recovered by secured creditors through reorganisation, liquidation or debt enforcement (foreclosure or receivership) proceedings.
Weighting (% of Driver)
28.2%
Source Link
Description
World Governance Composite Indicator reflecting perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. The rule of law reflects whether the law imposes limits of power on the state, private sector and individuals.
Weighting (% of Driver)
20.7%
Description
Whether the country conducts post-completion reviews on infrastructure projects to ensure the forecast outcomes are being achieved.
Weighting (% of Driver)
18.1%
Source Link
Description
Measures the governance practices that protect shareholders through three dimensions: the extent of shareholder rights index (shareholders’ rights and role in major corporate decisions), the extent of ownership and control index (governance safeguards protecting shareholders from undue board control and entrenchment), and the extent of corporate transparency index (corporate transparency on ownership stakes).
Weighting (% of Driver)
15.1%
Source Link
Description
Measures perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism. Estimate gives the country's score on the aggregate indicator, in units of a standard normal distribution i.e. ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5.
Weighting (% of Driver)
12.8%
Description
Whether an infrastructure agency exists to coordinate an integrated approach to infrastructure delivery and policy.
Weighting (% of Driver)
5%
Source Link
Country Overview Data
2,521 USD
Population31.4 million persons
46.6 (0-100 best)
Infrastructure investment5.0% of GDP
Infrastructure gap2.8% of GDP
67.1 USD billion
GDP growth rate7.5%
GDP per capita growth rate0.3%
Gini coefficient43.5 (0-100 worst)
Gross Government Debt64.0% of GDP
Inflation rate9.3%
Summary credit rating23.0 (0-100 best)
Unemployment rate6.8%
Urbanisation ratio56.0% of total population
Road connectivity73.4 (0-100 best)
3.0 (1-7 best)
Efficiency of train services1.9 (1-7 best)
Efficiency of air transport services3.7 (1-7 best)
Efficiency of seaport services3.1 (1-7 best)
Electricity access84.3% of population
Electricity supply quality23.9% of output lost
Exposure to unsafe drinking water75.5% of population
Reliability of water supply4.2 (1-7 best)
Digital Adoption Index0.5 (0-1 best)
Mobile-broadband subscriptions91.8 per 100 population
Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions0.2 per 100 population